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If I Was Baptized Catholic and Get Baptized Again by Another Church

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Christian religious practice

In Christian denominations that exercise infant baptism, confirmation is seen equally the sealing of the covenant created in baptism. Those beingness confirmed are known as confirmands. For adults, it is an affirmation of belief.[1]

Catholicism and Eastern Christianity view confirmation as a sacrament. In the East information technology is conferred immediately after baptism. In the West, this practice is ordinarily followed when adults are baptized, merely in the case of infants not in danger of death it is administered, usually by a bishop, only when the child reaches the historic period of reason or early adolescence. Among those Christians who practise teen-anile confirmation, the practice may be perceived, secondarily, as a "coming of historic period" rite.[ii] [3]

In many Protestant denominations, such as the Anglican, Lutheran, Methodist and Reformed traditions, confirmation is a rite that often includes a profession of religion by an already baptized person. Confirmation is required past Lutherans, Anglicans and other traditional Protestant denominations for total membership in the corresponding church.[4] [five] [half dozen] In Catholic theology, past dissimilarity, information technology is the sacrament of baptism that confers membership, while "reception of the sacrament of Confirmation is necessary for the completion of baptismal grace".[7] The Catholic and Methodist denominations teach that in confirmation, the Holy Spirit strengthens a baptized individual for their organized religion journey.[8] [ix]

Confirmation is not practiced in Baptist, Anabaptist and other groups that teach laic's baptism. Thus, the sacrament or rite of confirmation is administered to those existence received from those aforementioned groups, in addition to those converts from not-Christian religions. The Church building of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints does not practice babe baptism, but individuals can exist baptized after they reach the "historic period of accountability". Confirmation in the LDS Church occurs shortly following baptism, which is not considered complete or fully efficacious until confirmation is received.[10]

There is an analogous ceremony also chosen confirmation in Reform Judaism. It was created in the 1800s by State of israel Jacobson.[eleven]

Scriptural foundation [edit]

The roots of confirmation are found in the Church building of the New Attestation. In the Gospel of John xiv, Christ speaks of the coming of the Holy Spirit on the Apostles (John xiv:15–26). Afterwards, later on his Resurrection, Jesus breathed upon them and they received the Holy Spirit (John xx:22), a process completed on the mean solar day of Pentecost (Acts ii:1–4). That Pentecostal outpouring of the Spirit was the sign of the messianic historic period foretold by the prophets (cf. Ezek 36:25–27; Joel 3:1–2). Its arrival was proclaimed past Campaigner Peter. Filled with the Holy Spirit the apostles began to proclaim "the mighty works of God" (Acts 2:11; Cf. ii:17–eighteen). Afterwards this point, the New Attestation records the apostles bestowing the Holy Spirit upon others through the laying on of hands.

Three texts brand information technology certain that a laying on of hands for the imparting of the Spirit – performed after the water-bathroom and every bit a complement to this bathroom – existed already in the earliest apostolic times. These texts are: Acts 8:4–xx and 19:1–vii, and Hebrews half-dozen:1–6. In the Acts of the Apostles eight:14–17 dissimilar "ministers" are named for the ii actions. It is not deacon Philip, the baptiser, but only the apostles who were able to impart the pneuma through the laying on of easily.

Now when the apostles in Jerusalem heard that Samaria had accepted the word of God, they sent them Peter and John, who went downwardly and prayed for them, that they might receive the holy Spirit, for it had non nonetheless fallen upon whatever of them; they had only been baptized in the name of the Lord Jesus. Then they laid hands on them and they received the holy Spirit.

Further on in the text, connection between the gift of the Holy Spirit and the gesture of laying on of hands appears even more than clearly. Acts 8:18–xix introduces the asking of Simon the magician in the following style: "When Simon saw that the Spirit was given through the laying on of the apostles' hands ... ." In Acts 19, baptism of the disciples is mentioned in quite general terms, without the minister being identified. If we refer to 1 Cor ane:17 nosotros may assume that Paul left the action of baptising to others. But then Acts 19:half dozen expressly states that it was Apostle Paul who laid his easily upon the newly baptised. Hebrews half-dozen:1–6 distinguishes "the didactics almost baptisms" from the education about "the laying on of easily". The difference may be understood in the light of the two passages in Acts eight and 19.[12]

Christian denominational views [edit]

Roman Catholic Church [edit]

German forest cutting depicting Confirmation service (1679)

In the teaching of the Roman Cosmic Church, confirmation, known too as chrismation,[thirteen] is one of the seven sacraments instituted past Christ for the conferral of sanctifying grace and the strengthening of the wedlock between the individual and God.

The Catechism of the Cosmic Church in its paragraphs 1302–1303 states:

It is evident from its celebration that the effect of the sacrament of Confirmation is the special outpouring of the Holy Spirit as once granted to the apostles on the day of Pentecost.

From this fact, Confirmation brings an increase and deepening of baptismal grace:

  • it roots us more securely in the divine filiation which makes us weep, "Abba! Father!" (Romans 8:15);
  • it unites us more than firmly to Christ;
  • it increases the gifts of the Holy Spirit in us;
  • it renders our bond with the Church more perfect;
  • information technology gives united states a special strength of the Holy Spirit to spread and defend the faith by word and action as true witnesses of Christ, to confess the name of Christ boldly, and never to exist ashamed of the Cross:

Think and then that you lot have received the spiritual seal, the spirit of wisdom and understanding, the spirit of correct judgment and courage, the spirit of knowledge and reverence, the spirit of holy fear in God's presence. Guard what yous take received. God the Father has marked yous with his sign; Christ the Lord has confirmed you and has placed his pledge, the Spirit, in your hearts.

In the Latin (i.eastward., Western) Catholic Church, the sacrament is customarily conferred only on persons old enough to understand information technology, and the ordinary minister of confirmation is a bishop. "If necessity so requires", the diocesan bishop may grant specified priests the kinesthesia to administer the sacrament, although normally he is to administer information technology himself or ensure that it is conferred by another bishop.[14] In add-on, the police force itself confers the same faculty on the following:

within the confines of their jurisdiction, those who in law are equivalent to a diocesan Bishop (for instance, a vicar apostolic);

in respect of the person to be confirmed, the priest who past virtue of his office or by mandate of the diocesan Bishop baptises an adult or admits a baptized developed into total communion with the Catholic Church;

in respect of those in danger of death, the parish priest or indeed any priest.[14]

"According to the ancient do maintained in the Roman liturgy, an adult is non to be baptized unless he receives Confirmation immediately subsequently, provided no serious obstacles be."[15] Administration of the 2 sacraments, one immediately after the other, to adults is normally washed by the bishop of the diocese (by and large at the Easter Vigil) since "the baptism of adults, at least of those who accept completed their fourteenth yr, is to be referred to the Bishop, then that he himself may confer it if he judges this appropriate"[16] But if the bishop does not confer the baptism, then information technology devolves on the priest whose office it then is to confer both sacraments, since, "in addition to the bishop, the law gives the faculty to ostend to the following, ... priests who, in virtue of an function which they lawfully hold, baptize an adult or a kid old enough for catechesis or receive a validly baptized adult into full communion with the Church."[17]

In Eastern Catholic Churches, the usual minister of this sacrament is the parish priest, using olive oil consecrated by a bishop (i.e., chrism) and administering the sacrament immediately after baptism. This corresponds exactly to the exercise of the early Church building, when at offset those receiving baptism were mainly adults, and of the non-Roman Catholic Eastern Churches.

The practise of the Eastern Churches gives greater emphasis to the unity of Christian initiation. That of the Latin Church more than conspicuously expresses the communion of the new Christian with the bishop as guarantor and servant of the unity, catholicity and apostolicity of his Church, and hence the connection with the apostolic origins of Christ'due south Church.[13]

Rite of Confirmation in the West [edit]

The chief reason why the W separated the sacrament of confirmation from that of baptism was to re-found directly contact between the person beingness initiated with the bishops. In the Early Church, the bishop administered all three sacraments of initiation (baptism, confirmation and Eucharist), assisted by the priests and deacons and, where they existed, by deaconesses for women'due south baptism. The post-baptismal Chrismation in particular was reserved to the bishop. When adults no longer formed the majority of those existence baptized, this Chrismation was delayed until the bishop could confer it. Until the 12th century, priests often continued to confer confirmation before giving Communion to very young children.[xviii]

After the Fourth Lateran Council, Communion, which continued to be given only after confirmation, was to be administered only on reaching the age of reason. Some time after the 13th century, the age of confirmation and Communion began to be delayed farther, from seven, to twelve and to fifteen.[19] In the 18th c. in France the sequence of sacraments of initiation was changed. Bishops started to impart confirmation just after the get-go Eucharistic communion. The reason was no longer the busy calendar of the bishop, but the bishop's will to give adequate pedagogy to the youth. The practice lasted until Pope Leo XIII in 1897 asked to restore the primary order and to gloat confirmation back at the age of reason. That didn't last long. In 1910 his successor, Pope Pius 10, showing concern for the easy access to the Eucharist for children, in his Letter of the alphabet Quam Singulari lowered the age of showtime communion to vii. That was the origin of the widespread custom in parishes to organise the First Communion for children at 2d grade and confirmation in middle or loftier school [ clarification needed ].[20]

The 1917 Lawmaking of Canon Law, while recommending that confirmation be delayed until about seven years of age, allowed it be given at an earlier age.[21] Only on thirty June 1932 was official permission given to modify the traditional order of the three sacraments of Christian initiation: the Sacred Congregation for the Sacraments then allowed, where necessary, that confirmation exist administered after first Holy Communion. This novelty, originally seen as exceptional, became more and more the accepted practise. Thus, in the mid-20th century, confirmation began to exist seen as an occasion for professing personal delivery to the faith on the part of someone budgeted adulthood.

However, the Catechism of the Catholic Church building (1308) warns: "Although Confirmation is sometimes called the 'sacrament of Christian maturity,' we must not confuse adult religion with the adult age of natural growth, nor forget that the baptismal grace is a grace of gratuitous, unmerited election and does not need 'ratification' to become effective."[22]

On the approved historic period for confirmation in the Latin or Western Catholic Church, the present (1983) Code of Canon Law, which maintains unaltered the rule in the 1917 Code, lays down that the sacrament is to be conferred on the faithful at about the age of discretion (more often than not taken to exist nearly 7), unless the Episcopal Briefing has decided on a different historic period, or at that place is a danger of death or, in the judgement of the minister, a grave reason suggests otherwise (catechism 891 of the Code of Catechism Law). The Code prescribes the historic period of discretion also for the sacraments of Reconciliation[23] and first Holy Communion.[24]

In some places the setting of a later age, eastward.g. mid-teens in the Us, early on teens in Republic of ireland and Britain, has been abandoned in recent decades in favor of restoring the traditional order of the iii sacraments of Christian initiation,[25] [26] [27] [twenty] Even where a afterwards age has been set, a bishop may non refuse to confer the sacrament on younger children who request it, provided they are baptized, have the use of reason, are suitably instructed and are properly disposed and able to renew the baptismal promises (letter of the Congregation for Divine Worship and the Discipline of the Sacraments published in its 1999 message, pages 537–540).

Effects of confirmation [edit]

The Roman Catholic Church and some Anglo-Catholics teach that, like baptism, confirmation marks the recipient permanently, making information technology impossible to receive the sacrament twice. Information technology accepts every bit valid a confirmation conferred within churches, such every bit the Eastern Orthodox Church, whose Holy Orders information technology sees every bit valid through the churchly succession of their bishops. Just information technology considers it necessary to administer the sacrament of confirmation, in its view for the only fourth dimension, to Protestants who are admitted to full communion with the Catholic Church.

One of the furnishings of the sacrament is that "it gives us a special strength of the Holy Spirit to spread and defend the faith by word and action equally true witnesses of Christ, to confess the name of Christ boldly, and never to be aback of the Cross" (Canon of the Catholic Church, 1303).[22] This result was described by the Council of Trent as making the confirmed person "a soldier of Christ".[28]

The same passage of the Catechism of the Catholic Church also mentions, as an effect of confirmation, that "information technology renders our bond with the Church more than perfect". This mention stresses the importance of participation in the Christian community.

The "soldier of Christ" imagery was used, as far back as 350, past St Cyril of Jerusalem.[29] In this connection, the bear on the cheek that the bishop gave while saying " Pax tecum " (Peace be with yous) to the person he had just confirmed was interpreted in the Roman Pontifical every bit a slap, a reminder to exist brave in spreading and defending the faith: " Deinde leviter eum in maxilla caedit, dicens: Pax tecum " (Then he strikes him lightly on the cheek, proverb: Peace be with you). When, in application of the Second Vatican Council's Constitution on the Sacred Liturgy,[thirty] the confirmation rite was revised in 1971, mention of this gesture was omitted. However, the French and Italian translations, indicating that the bishop should accompany the words "Peace be with you lot" with "a friendly gesture" (French text) or "the sign of peace" (Italian text), explicitly allow a gesture such as the impact on the cheek, to which they restore its original meaning. This is in accord with the Introduction to the rite of confirmation, 17, which indicates that the episcopal conference may determine "to innovate a unlike manner for the minister to give the sign of peace later the anointing, either to each individual or to all the newly confirmed together."

Eastern Churches [edit]

The Eastern Orthodox, Oriental Orthodox and Eastern Catholic churches refer to this sacrament (or, more properly, Sacred Mystery) as chrismation, a term which Roman Catholics likewise use; for instance, in Italian the term is cresima . Eastern Christians link chrismation closely with the sacred mystery of baptism, conferring it immediately after baptism, which is normally on infants.

The sacred tradition of the Orthodox Church building teaches that the Apostles themselves established the do of anointing with chrism (consecrated oil) in place of the laying on of hands when bestowing the sacrament. Every bit the numbers of converts grew, it became physically impossible for the apostles to lay easily upon each of the newly baptized. So the Apostles laid hands upon a vessel of oil, bestowing the Holy Spirit upon information technology, which was and then distributed to all of the presbyters (priests) for their use when they baptized.[31] This same chrism is in employ to this twenty-four hour period, never being completely depleted but newly consecrated chrism simply beingness added to it as needed (this consecration traditionally is performed merely by the primates of certain autocephalous churches on Not bad Thursday) and information technology is believed that chrism in employ today contains some pocket-sized amount of the original chrism made by the apostles.

When Roman Catholics and traditional Protestants, such equally Lutherans, Anglicans and Methodists, convert to Orthodoxy, they are oftentimes admitted by chrismation, without baptism; but, since this is a matter of local episcopal discretion, a bishop may require all converts to exist admitted by baptism if he deems it necessary. Depending upon the form of the original baptism, some Protestants must be baptized upon conversion to Orthodoxy. A mutual practice is that those persons who take been previously baptized by triple immersion in the name of the Trinity exercise non need to be baptized. However, requirements will differ from jurisdiction to jurisdiction and some traditional Orthodox jurisdictions adopt to baptize all converts. When a person is received into the church, whether past baptism or chrismation, they will oft take the name of a saint, who volition go their patron saint. Thenceforward, the feast solar day of that saint will be celebrated as the convert's name day, which in traditional Orthodox cultures is celebrated in lieu of one's birthday.

The Orthodox rite of chrismation takes place immediately after baptism and wearable the "newly illumined" (i.eastward., newly baptized) in their baptismal robe. The priest makes the sign of the cross with the chrism (also referred to as myrrh) on the brow, optics, nostrils, lips, both ears, breast, hands and feet of the newly illumined, saying with each anointing: "The seal of the gift of the Holy Spirit. Amen." So the priest will place his epitrachelion (stole) over the newly illumined and leads them and their sponsors in a procession, circling 3 times effectually the Gospel Book, while the choir chants each time: "Equally many as have been baptized into Christ take put on Christ. Alleluia" (Galatians 3:27).

The reason the Eastern Churches perform chrismation immediately after baptism is so that the newly baptized may receive Holy Communion, which is commonly given to infants besides every bit adults.

An individual may be baptized in extremis (in a life-threatening emergency) by any baptized member of the church building; all the same, only a priest or bishop may perform the mystery of chrismation. If someone who has been baptized in extremis survives, the priest then performs the chrismation.

The Roman Catholic Church does not ostend converts to Catholicism who have been chrismated in a non-Catholic Eastern church, considering that the sacrament has been validly conferred and may non be repeated.

In the Eastern Orthodox Church the sacrament may exist conferred more one time and it is customary to receive returning or repentant apostates past repeating chrismation.[32] [33]

The Church building of Jesus Christ of Latter-24-hour interval Saints [edit]

When discussing confirmation the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-twenty-four hours Saints uses the term "ordinance" owing to their origins in a Protestant environment, merely the actual doctrine describing their ordinances and their effects is sacramental.[34] Church ordinances are understood every bit administering Grace and must be conducted by clergy members who are properly ordained[35] through apostolic succession reaching dorsum through Peter to Christ, although the line of authority differs from Catholics and Eastern Orthodox.[36] [37] Baptism past h2o is understood equally representing the death of the former person and their resurrection from that death into a new life in Christ.[38] Through baptism past h2o, sin and guilt are washed abroad as the old sinner dies and the new child of Christ emerges. Confirmation is understood as being the baptism by burn down wherein the Holy Spirit enters into the confirmant, purges them of the effects of the sin from their previous life (the guilt and culpability of which were already washed away), and introduces them into the Church as a new person in Christ. Through confirmation, the confirmant receives the Souvenir of the Holy Ghost, granting the individual the permanent companionship of the Holy Ghost as long as the person does non willfully bulldoze Him away through sin.[39]

The ceremony is significantly simpler than in Cosmic or Eastern Orthodox Churches and is equally follows:[40]

The clergyman lays his hands upon the confirmant's caput and states the person's full proper noun.
The clergyman states that the ordinance is performed by the authority of the Melchizedek Priesthood.
The clergyman confirms the person a fellow member of the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints.
The clergyman bestows the gift of the Holy Ghost past saying, "Receive the Holy Ghost."
The clergyman gives a priesthood blessing every bit the Spirit directs.
The chaplain closes in the name of Jesus Christ.

Other deportment typically associated with confirmation in Catholicism or Eastern Orthodoxy, such as the reception of a Christian proper name, anointing of body parts with chrism, and the clothing of the confirmant in a white garment or chiton are conducted separately as part of a ceremony called the Initiatory.

Lutheran Churches [edit]

Lutheran confirmation is a public profession of religion prepared for by long and conscientious teaching. In English, information technology is called "affirmation of baptism", and is a mature and public profession of the faith which "marks the completion of the congregation'southward program of confirmation ministry".[41] The High german language besides uses for Lutheran confirmation a different word ( Konfirmation ) from the word used for the sacramental rite of the Catholic Church ( Firmung ).

Lutheran churches practice not treat confirmation as a dominical sacrament of the Gospel, considering that only baptism and the Eucharist can exist regarded equally such. Some popular Sundays for this to occur are Palm Dominicus, Pentecost and Reformation Sun (concluding Sunday in Oct).

Anglican Communion [edit]

Article 25 of The 16th Century 39 Articles lists confirmation amid those rites "commonly called Sacraments" which are "non to be counted for Sacraments of the Gospel" (a term referring to the dominical sacraments, i.e. baptism and the Holy Eucharist), considering they were non directly instituted by Christ with a specific thing and form, and they are not more often than not necessary to salvation.[42] The language of the Manufactures has led some to deny that confirmation and the other rites are sacraments at all. Others maintain that "usually called Sacraments" does not mean "wrongly called Sacraments".

Many Anglicans, especially Anglo-Catholics, count the rite as i of 7 sacraments. This is the official view in several Anglican provinces.[ citation needed ] While well-nigh provinces of the Anglican Communion do not make provision for ministers other than bishops to administer confirmation, presbyters can exist authorized to practice so in certain South Asian provinces, which are united churches.[43] Similarly, the American Episcopal Church recognizes that "those who have previously fabricated a mature public commitment in another Church may be received past the laying on of hands by a Bishop of this Church, rather than confirmed."[44] Furthermore, at its General Convention in 2015 a resolution advancing presbyteral confirmation was referred to committee for farther review.[45]

"[T]he renewal of the baptismal vows, which is part of the Anglican Confirmation service, is in no way necessary to Confirmation and can be done more than in one case. [...] When Confirmation is given early on, candidates may be asked to make a fresh renewal of vows when they arroyo adult life at nearly eighteen."[46] The Book of Common Prayer of the Church of England employs the phrase "ratify and confirm" with respect to these vows which has led to the common formulation of confirmation as the renewal of baptismal vows. While such a view closely aligns to the doctrine of confirmation held by Lutherans, the dominant Anglican position is perhaps better evidenced in the effort to replace "ratify and ostend" with "ratify and confess" in the proposed Prayer Book revision of 1928, which was defeated in the House of Commons fourteen June of that year. It must be acknowledged that Anglicanism includes a range of approaches to the theology of confirmation.

Methodist Churches [edit]

In the Methodist Church building, as with the Anglican Communion,[47] Confirmation is defined past the Manufactures of Faith equally one those "Normally called Sacraments but not to be counted for Sacraments of the Gospel",[48] [49] [fifty] also known as the "five lesser sacraments".[51] The Methodist theologian John William Fletcher stated that "it was a custom of the Apostles and elders in the primitive Church, adopted by our own church, to pray that young Believers might be filled with the Spirit through the laying on of hands."[52] As such, the Methodist Worship Book declares that

In Confirmation, those who have been baptized declare their faith in Christ and are Strengthened by the Holy Spirit for continuing discipleship. Confirmation reminds the states that nosotros are baptized and that God continues to be at piece of work in our lives: we reply by affirming that we vest to Christ and to the whole People of God. At a Service of Confirmation, baptized Christians are likewise received into membership of the Methodist Church building and accept their place as such in a local congregation.[eight]

By H2o and Spirit, an official United Methodist publication, states that "it should be emphasized that Confirmation is what the Holy Spirit does. Confirmation is a divine action, the work of the Spirit empowering a person 'born through water and the Spirit' to 'live every bit a true-blue disciple of Jesus Christ'."[53] As with its Anglican patrimony, in Methodism, confirmation is a means of grace.[54] Furthermore, confirmation is the private'due south first public affirmation of the grace of God in baptism and the acknowledgment of the credence of that grace by faith.[55] For those baptized every bit infants, it ofttimes occurs when youth enter their 6th through eighth grade years, merely it may occur earlier or later.[56] For youth and adults who are joining the Church, "those who are baptized are as well confirmed, remembering that our ritual reflects the ancient unity of baptism, confirmation (laying on of hands with prayer), and Eucharist."[57] Candidates to be confirmed, known as confirmands, have a class which covers Christian doctrine, theology, Methodist Church history, stewardship, basic Bible study and other topics.[58]

Presbyterian, Congregationalist and Continental Reformed Churches [edit]

The Presbyterian Church in America has a process of confirmation, merely information technology is not necessarily public, and depends on the congregation every bit to the nature of confirmation. In practice, many churches do require and offering classes for Confirmation.[59]

The PC(U.s.a.) has a confirmation process. This is a profession of faith that "seeks to provide youth with a foundational understanding of our organized religion, tradition and Presbyterian practices".[60]

Irvingian Churches [edit]

In the New Churchly Church, the largest of the Irvingian denominations, Confirmation is a rite that "strengthens the confirmands in their endeavour to keep their vow to profess Jesus Christ in word and human activity."[61] Confirmation is historic within the Divine Service and in it, confirmands take the following vow:[61]

I renounce Satan and all his piece of work and means, and surrender myself to You, O triune God, Father, Son, and Holy Spirit, in conventionalities, obedience, and the earnest resolution to remain faithful to You lot until my end. Amen.

Following the recitation of the vow, "immature Christians receive the confirmation approval, which is dispensed upon them through laying on of hands."[61]

United Protestant Churches [edit]

In United Protestant Churches, such every bit the United Church of Canada, Church of Due north India, Church of Pakistan, Church building of South India, Uniting Church building in Australia and United Church of Christ in Japan, confirmation is a rite that is "understood every bit a Christian person bold the responsibilities of the promises made at baptism."[62]

Confirmation name [edit]

In many countries, it is customary for a person beingness confirmed in some dioceses of Roman Catholic Church and in parts of Lutheranism and Anglicanism to adopt a new name, generally the name of a biblical character or saint, thus securing an boosted patron saint every bit protector and guide.[63] This practice is not mentioned in the official liturgical book of the rite of confirmation and is not in use in Spanish and French-speaking lands, nor in Italian republic or the Philippines. Although some insist on the custom,[64] it is discouraged past others and in whatever example is just a secondary attribute of confirmation.[65]

As indicated by the unlike senses of the word "christening", baptism and the giving of a personal proper name have traditionally been linked. At confirmation, in which the intervention of a godparent strengthens a resemblance with baptism, it became customary to accept a new proper name, every bit was also the custom on other occasions, in detail that of religious profession. King Henry 3 of France (1551–1589) was christened Edouard Alexandre in 1551, only at confirmation received the proper name Henri, past which he afterwards reigned. Today normally no peachy use is made of the confirmation name, although some treat it as an additional middle proper name. For case, A Song of Ice and Burn down author George R. R. Martin was born George Raymond Martin, but added his confirmation name Richard as a second middle name. However, even subsequently the English Reformation, the legal system of that country admitted the lawfulness of using one's confirmation name in, for instance, purchasing land.[66]

Repetition of the sacrament or rite [edit]

The Cosmic Church building sees confirmation as 1 of the three sacraments that no one can receive more than once (see sacramental grapheme). Information technology recognizes as already confirmed those who enter the Cosmic Church building later on receiving the sacrament, fifty-fifty as babies, in the churches of Eastern Christianity, but it confers the sacrament (in its view, for the beginning and just time) on those who enter the Catholic Church later existence confirmed in Protestant churches, seeing these churches as lacking properly ordained ministers.[67]

In the Lutheran Churches, those individuals who received the sacrament of baptism according to the Trinitarian formula in a non-Lutheran church are confirmed as Lutherans, ordinarily during the Easter Vigil—the showtime liturgy of Eastertide.[68] The rite of confirmation is preceded by a catamenia of catechetical instruction.[69]

In the Anglican Communion, a person who was previously confirmed in some other denomination past a bishop or priest recognized equally validly ordained is "received" rather than confirmed once more. Some dioceses of the Protestant Episcopal Church in the United States of America recognize non-episcopal Confirmations as well and these individuals are received into the Anglican Communion rather than re-confirmed.[70] In other dioceses, confirmations of those Christian denominations are recognized if they take a valid churchly succession in the eyes of the Anglican Communion (eastward.chiliad. Evangelical Lutheran Church in America, Roman Catholic Church, etc.).[71]

Eastern Orthodox churches occasionally practise what is seen by other Christians every bit "re-Chrismation", in that they usually chrismate/confirm – and sometimes rebaptize – a convert, even i previously confirmed in other churches. The justification is that the new Chrismation (or baptism) is the just valid one, the earlier one being administered outside of the Church and hence being picayune more than than a symbol. The Eastern Orthodox volition also chrismate an backslider from the Orthodox Church who repents and re-enters communion. According to some interpretations, the Eastern churches therefore view confirmation/Chrismation as a repeatable sacrament. Co-ordinate to others, the rite is understood equally "part of a process of reconciliation, rather than every bit a reiteration of post-baptismal chrismation".[72]

Analogous ceremonies in non-Christian practice [edit]

Judaism [edit]

Jewish confirmation c. 1900

In the late 1800s Reform Judaism adult a separate anniversary, called confirmation, loosely modeled on Christian Confirmation ceremonies. This occurred because, at the fourth dimension, Reform Jews believed that it was inappropriate for Bar/Bat mitzvah age children to be considered mature enough to understand what it means to be religious. It was held that children of this age were not responsible enough to understand what information technology ways to observe religious practices. Every bit such, the reform rite of confirmation was originally a replacement for the Bar/Bat mitzvah anniversary, held at historic period 16. In subsequently decades, the Reform movement modified this view, and now much of Reform Judaism in the United States encourages children to celebrate condign Bar/Bat mitzvah at the traditional age, then has the confirmation at the later age equally a sign of a more avant-garde completion of their Jewish studies.

Today, many Reform Jewish congregations hold confirmation ceremonies every bit a way of marking the biblical festival of Shavuot and the decision of young adults to cover Jewish study in their lives and reaffirm their commitment to the Covenant. The confirmands represent "the start fruits of each yr's harvest. They represent the hope and promise of tomorrow."[73] Confirmation is typically held in 10th grade after a year of study, but some synagogues celebrate it in other years of high school.

Confirmation, in the context of Reform Judaism, was mentioned officially for the first time in an ordinance issued by the Jewish consistory of the kingdom of Westphalia at Cassel in 1810. There it was made the duty of the rabbi "to gear up the young for confirmation, and personally to conduct the ceremony." At first only boys were confirmed, on the Sabbath ("Shabbat") that they celebrated becoming Bar Mitzvah; the ceremony was performed at the home or in the schoolroom. In Berlin, Jewish girls were confirmed for the starting time time in 1817, in Hamburg in 1818.

Confirmation was at first excluded from the synagogue, because, similar every innovation, it met with stern opposition from more traditional rabbis. Gradually, however, it found more than favor; Hebrew schoolhouse classes were confirmed together, and confirmation gradually became a solemn celebration at the synagogue. In 1822 the first course of boys and girls was confirmed at the Hamburg Temple, and in 1831 Rabbi Samuel Egers, a prominent traditional rabbi of his time, began to confirm boys and girls at the synagogue of Brunswick. While in the beginning some Shabbat, often during Chanukah or Passover, was selected for confirmation, it became increasingly customary, post-obit the example of Egers, to perform the ceremony during the biblical festival of Shavuot ("Feast of Weeks"). It was felt that Shavuot was well suited for the rite, equally it celebrated the occasion when the Israelites on Mount Sinai declared their intention to take the yoke of God'south Police force, and so those of every new generation should follow the ancient example and declare their willingness to be faithful to the Sinaitic covenant transmitted past their ancestors.

Confirmation was introduced in Denmark as early on equally 1817, in Hamburg 1818, and in Hessen and Saxony in 1835. The Prussian government, which showed itself hostile to the Reform movement, prohibited it as late as 1836, as did Bavaria as tardily equally 1838. Information technology presently made its way, yet, into all progressive congregations of Germany. In 1841 it was introduced in France, beginning in Bordeaux and Marseilles, so in Strasburg and Paris, under the proper name initiation religieuse . The kickoff Israelitish synod in 1869 at Leipsic adopted a written report on religious education, the 13th section of which contains an elaborate opinion on confirmation, recommending the same to all Jewish congregations. In America the almanac confirmation of boys and girls was first resolved upon by the congregation of Temple Emanu-El of New York in 1847. The ceremony presently gained so house a foothold in America that soon there was no progressive Jewish congregation in which it did non occur during Shavuot.

Secular confirmations [edit]

Several secular, mainly Humanist, organizations direct civil confirmations for older children, as a statement of their life stance that is an culling to traditional religious ceremonies for children of that historic period.

Some atheist regimes have as a affair of policy fostered the replacement of Christian rituals such as confirmation with non-religious ones. In the historically Protestant German language Democratic Republic (East Germany), for example, "the Jugendweihe (youth dedication) gradually supplanted the Christian practice of Confirmation."[74] A concept that showtime appeared in 1852, the Jugendweihe is described as "a solemn initiation marking the transition from youth to adulthood that was developed in opposition to Protestant and Catholic Churches' Confirmation."[75]

See also [edit]

  • Rite of passage

References [edit]

  1. ^ Cf. Catechism of the Catholic Church, 1303
  2. ^ https://web.archive.org/web/20160429080059/https://episcopalchurch.org/library/glossary/confirmation/https://sites.google.com/a/stpaulcatholic.net/parish/sacraments/theology-of-confirmation. Archived from the original on 29 Apr 2016. Retrieved half-dozen October 2017.
  3. ^ "Archived copy". Archived from the original on 10 March 2013. Retrieved 26 August 2017. {{cite web}}: CS1 maint: archived re-create as title (link)
  4. ^ The Lutheran Globe Almanac and Annual Encyclopedia for 1921. Lutheran Bureau. 1921. p. 68. In this connection it should exist stated that equally information technology is the custom of the Lutheran Church to receive into full membership simply those who take been confirmed
  5. ^ Dada, Adelowo, E. (2014). Perspectives in Religious Studies: Volume II. HEBN Publishers. p. 209. ISBN978-9780814465. Confirmation in the Anglican Communion is the laying on of hands (of the Bishop) upon those who are baptised and have come to years of discretion. In this instance, it involves those baptised both at infancy and adulthood. It is the attainment of this status, among other weather, that determines, in the Anglican Church, full membership of the Church and eligibility to be admitted to the Lord's Table, and to enjoy sure rights of the Church.
  6. ^ "Order of Service for the Reception of Baptized Persons into the Full Membership of the Church commonly called Conformation". Social club of Archbishop Justus. 1950. Retrieved 7 June 2017.
  7. ^ "Catechism of the Catholic Church – IntraText". vatican.va . Retrieved 6 October 2017.
  8. ^ a b "Baptism and Confirmation". The Methodist Church in Uk. 2014. Archived from the original on 7 July 2017. Retrieved 23 July 2017.
  9. ^ Cavadini, John C. (17 July 2018). "Confirmation strengthens our identity as children of God". Catholic Philly. Retrieved 28 March 2021.
  10. ^ "Archived copy". Archived from the original on 17 Jan 2018. Retrieved 16 January 2018. {{cite spider web}}: CS1 maint: archived copy as title (link)
  11. ^ "What is a Confirmation?". ReformJudaism.org. 17 Baronial 2012. Retrieved 9 March 2018.
  12. ^ B. Neunheuser OSB (1964). Baptism and Confirmation. The Herder History of Dogma. Freiburg – London: Herder – Burns & Oates. pp. 42–52.
  13. ^ a b "Catechism of the Catholic Church – IntraText". vatican.va . Retrieved half-dozen October 2017.
  14. ^ a b "Code of Canon Constabulary: text – IntraText CT". intratext.com . Retrieved half dozen October 2017.
  15. ^ Christian Initiation of Adults, 34
  16. ^ "Code of Canon Law: text – IntraText CT". intratext.com . Retrieved vi October 2017.
  17. ^ Rite of Confirmation, 7
  18. ^ Ronald Minnerath, "Fifty'ordine dei Sacramenti dell'iniziazione", in L'Osservatore Romano, 23 May 2007
  19. ^ Kay Lynn Isca, Catholic Etiquette (Our Sun Visitor 1997 ISBN 0-87973-590-2), p. 91
  20. ^ a b Samuel J. Aquila. "Confirmation as a Sacrament of Initiation". L'Osservatore Romano. 2012 (fourteen), 4 April: v. Archived from the original on 24 September 2018. Retrieved iv July 2018.
  21. ^ canon 788 of the 1917 Code of Canon Police
  22. ^ a b "Catechism". usccb.org . Retrieved 6 October 2017.
  23. ^ "Code of Canon Law: text – IntraText CT". intratext.com . Retrieved 6 October 2017.
  24. ^ "Code of Canon Law: text – IntraText CT". intratext.com . Retrieved six October 2017.
  25. ^ "The Restored Order of Sacraments of Initiation". ewtn.com . Retrieved 6 October 2017.
  26. ^ Confirmation before communion, Liverpool decides Archived xi April 2013 at the Wayback Machine
  27. ^ Interchurch Families Archived 3 October 2011 at the Wayback Machine
  28. ^ "THE CATECHISM OF TRENT: The Sacraments – Confirmation". cin.org . Retrieved 6 Oct 2017.
  29. ^ Sullivan, Tom. "Sacrament of Confirmation (What is it all nearly?)". EWTN . Retrieved iii March 2011.
  30. ^ Constitution on the Sacred Liturgy Sacrosanctum Concilium Archived 21 February 2008 at the Wayback Machine
  31. ^ Pomazansky, Protopresbyter Michael (1973). Orthodox Dogmatic Theology. Platina, California: Saint Herman of Alaska Brotherhood (published 1984). p. 272. LCCN 84-051294.
  32. ^ [i] "Greek Orthodox Archdiocese of America – The Stand of the Orthodox Church on Controversial Problems". Retrieved 28 December 2011
  33. ^ [2] "St Nicholas Russian Orthodox Church, McKinney, Texas – Chrismation and special circumstances". Retrieved 28 Dec 2011
  34. ^ "Archived copy". Archived from the original on 17 January 2018. Retrieved xvi January 2018. {{cite spider web}}: CS1 maint: archived copy as title (link)
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  40. ^ "Lesson 5: Performing Priesthood Ordinances". churchofjesuschrist.org. 7 January 2011. Retrieved 15 January 2019.
  41. ^ Lutheran Book of Worship – Ministers Desk-bound Edition, p.324
  42. ^ "The 39 Articles". Archived from the original on 29 Apr 2010. Retrieved 7 May 2010.
  43. ^ "e.m. The Church of S India, Volume of Common Worship (2004)" (PDF) . Retrieved 6 Oct 2017.
  44. ^ "Canons of the Full general Convention 2015, Title I, Catechism 17, Section i(c)" (PDF) . Retrieved vi October 2017.
  45. ^ "Journal of the 78th General Convention, 371". Retrieved six October 2017.
  46. ^ "The Christian Faith: Ch 56- Confirmation". katapi.org.great britain . Retrieved 6 October 2017.
  47. ^ "Baptism and Confirmation". The Methodist Church building in United kingdom. 2014. Archived from the original on 7 July 2017. Retrieved 23 July 2017. There is no obvious difference in understanding, for example, betwixt the Methodist Church and the Church building of England about Confirmation itself.
  48. ^ Pruitt, Kenneth (22 November 2013). "Where The Line Is Drawn: Ordination and Sexual Orientation in the UMC". Rethink Bishop. Archived from the original on 28 Apr 2014. Retrieved 27 April 2014. Sacraments for the UMC include both Baptism and Eucharist. The Roman Catholic and Orthodox traditions count v more, which many Protestants, including the UMC, acknowledge as sacramental: Confession/Absolution, Holy Spousal relationship, Confirmation/Chrismation, Holy Orders/Ordination, and Anointing/Unction.
  49. ^ Thompson, Andrew C. (one Oct 2010). Generation Ascension: A Future with Hope for The United Methodist Church. Abingdon Press. p. 93. ISBN9781426731242. Meanwhile, we can also say that confirmation is sacramental: it is a means of grace (if non an actual sacrament) in which God has been known to show upward--and thus information technology has importance for both our justification and sanctification.
  50. ^ Bicknell, E. J. (1 January 2008). A Theological Introduction to the 30-Nine Articles of the Church of England, Third Edition. Wipf and Stock Publishers. p. 359. ISBN9781556356827. Then information technology gain Those five, usually called Sacraments, that is to say Confirmation, Penance, Orders, Spousal relationship, and Extreme Unction, are not to be counted for the Sacraments of the Gospel. We notice that the Article does not deny to them the name sacraments. 'Commonly called' is not in the linguistic communication of the Prayer-Book necessarily derogatory. Nosotros find, e.g. 'The Birth of our Lord, or the Birth-mean solar day of Christ, commonly called "Christmas day".' All that the Commodity insists is that these rites are not to be counted equal to the other two.
  51. ^ Blunt, John Henry (1891). Dictionary of Doctrinal and Historical Theology. Longmans, Greenish & Co. p. 670.
  52. ^ Forest, Laurence W. (23 September 2002). The Significant of Pentecost in Early Methodism. Scarecrow Press. p. 339. ISBN9781461673200.
  53. ^ "By H2o and the Spirit: A United Methodist Agreement of Baptism". The Book of Resolutions of The United Methodist Church building. The United Methodist Church. 2008.
  54. ^ An Anglican-Methodist Covenant. Church Firm Publishing. 2001. p. 41. ISBN9781858522180. Fundamentally, however, as our liturgies show, confirmation is regarded by both churches equally a means of grace inside the total process of Christian initiation. For both churches, confirmation includes the reaffirmation of the baptismal promises by the candidate, accompanied by the prayer with the laying on of easily that God volition strengthen the candidate in his or her discipleship through the piece of work of the Holy Spirit.
  55. ^ We Believe. Bristol House. 2007. ISBN978-1885224064.
  56. ^ "At what age are children confirmed?". United Methodist Church. Retrieved 30 September 2013.
  57. ^ "What Is the Appropriate Historic period for Baptism and for Confirmation?". The General Lath of Discipleship of The United Methodist Church. 1996. What if a youth or adult has not been baptized? Tin can he or she exist function of the "confirmation preparation"? Aye, the unbaptized can share in the same experiences. By Water and the Spirit puts it this way: Youth who were not baptized as infants share in the same period of preparation for profession of Christian religion. For them, it is nurture for baptism, for becoming members of the Church, and for confirmation. Those who are baptized are also confirmed, remembering that our ritual reflects the ancient unity of baptism, confirmation (laying on of hands with prayer), and Eucharist. "The ritual of the baptismal covenant included in The United Methodist Hymnal makes clear that the first and primary confirming act of the Holy Spirit is in connection with and immediately follows baptism." (Past Water and the Spirit)
  58. ^ Nosotros Believe. Bristol House. 2007. Archived from the original on 17 May 2014. Retrieved 17 May 2014. Confirmation classes provide a neat opportunity to requite students a broad view of bones Christian behavior including the characteristics of the Begetter, Son and Holy Spirit; the importance and nature of the Bible; the demand to trust in Jesus Christ for salvation; and the significance of the church building. We Believe Pupil includes these topics as well equally full general church history and the responsibilities of discipleship and church building membership. It offers students a bones but thorough understanding of what information technology ways to be a Christian in the United Methodist tradition.
  59. ^ "Is confirmation part of the Presbyterian Church building in America (PCA) doctrine?". christianity.stackexchange.com . Retrieved 6 October 2017.
  60. ^ "Presbyterian Church (U.Southward.A.) – Resource – Nosotros Believe – Professing Our Organized religion: A Confirmation Curriculum Sample Package". Archived from the original on 7 June 2011. Retrieved 6 October 2017.
  61. ^ a b c "The Catechism of the New Churchly Church". New Churchly Church building. eighteen Dec 2020. Retrieved 27 May 2021.
  62. ^ "Sacraments Elders" (PDF). United Church of Canada. 2020. p. thirteen. Retrieved 28 March 2021.
  63. ^ Roy, Steven. "Often asked: What Is Lutheran Confirmation Teacher Chosen?". Resurrection Lutheran Church of Woodbury. Retrieved 15 Feb 2022.
  64. ^ Fred T. Mercadante, Senior High Ministry That Works! (Bayard 2008 ISBN 978-i-58595-704-0), Appendix Fifty
  65. ^ David Philippart, Clip Notes for Church Bulletins, Volume 2 (Liturgy Training Publications 2003 ISBN 978-1-56854-275-one) Copyright 2001 Archdiocese of Chicago Liturgy Training Publications
  66. ^ "Herbert Thurston, "Christian Names" in The Cosmic Encyclopedia 1911. Retrieved 26 July 2011". Newadvent.org. 1 October 1911. Retrieved 15 January 2019.
  67. ^ "Valid-Invalid Baptisms" (PDF). Archdiocese of Los Angeles. 2021. Retrieved 15 Feb 2022.
  68. ^ "Adult Baptism & Confirmation". English language Lutheran Church building. Retrieved xv February 2022.
  69. ^ Finch, Mary (28 May 1988). [deseret.com/1988/five/28/18767101/lutheran-confirmation-allows-youths-and-adults-to-publicly-reaffirm-faith "Lutheran Confirmation allows Youths and Adults to Publicly Reaffirm Faith"]. Deseret News.
  70. ^ "Confirmation". Protestant Episcopal Church building in the United states of america of America. Retrieved 20 September 2016. In some dioceses, those who have already made a mature Christian commitment in another denomination are recognized as members of the one holy catholic and apostolic church, and received into the fellowship of the Episcopal Church building and the Anglican Communion.
  71. ^ "Frequently Asked Questions". Madison, Alabama: St. Matthew'south Episcopal Church building. Archived from the original on 4 October 2016. Retrieved twenty September 2016. If, nevertheless, you have been Confirmed in either the Roman Catholic Church or Evangelical Lutheran Church of America (ELCA), you may choose to be "received" by the bishop instead. This is because the Episcopal Church recognizes that the bishops in these churches have valid Churchly Succession dating dorsum to the fourth dimension of the Apostles, and that Confirmations performed in these churches are considered valid.
  72. ^ "Baptism and 'Sacramental Economic system' – An Agreed Statement of The Northward American Orthodox-Catholic Theological Consultation – A. Inconsistencies in the Reception of Adults into Ecclesial Communion". myriobiblos.gr . Retrieved 6 October 2017.
  73. ^ Knoebel, Gates of the Seasons, 77
  74. ^ Country-data. com, Germany: Organized religion Based on the Country Studies Series past Federal Inquiry Division of the Library of Congress
  75. ^ Jugendweihe from the German-language Wikipedia (in German language)

External links [edit]

  • The Rite of Confirmation Resources Site
  • Waking Upwards Catholic – RCIA and Adult Confirmation
  • Church Fathers on Confirmation
  • Catholic Sacrament of Confirmation – Initiation
  • Information and Forum for Roman Catholics About to Receive0 Confirmation
  • Catholic Encyclopedia – Catholic teaching on Confirmation
  • Catechism of Filaret, 307–314 – Eastern Orthodox education on Confirmation/Unction with Chrism/Chrismation
  • Anglican teaching on Confirmation
  • Judaism 101: Bar Mitzvah, Bat Mitzvah, and Confirmation
  • My Jewish Learning: Jewish Confirmation

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Source: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Confirmation

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